Colic

Colic is not a single disease but a collective term describing abdominal pain in horses, ranging from mild discomfort to life threatening conditions. As the most common veterinary emergency in horses, colic always requires prompt assessment and action.

Clinical signs result from a wide variety of disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract or adjacent organs and can vary significantly in severity and presentation.

Table of Contents:

Causes

Colic in horses can have many different underlying causes. The most common include:

  • Digestive disturbances such as impaction or gas accumulation
  • Gastric ulcers or delayed gastric emptying
  • Displacement or entrapment of intestinal segments
  • Motility disorders caused by stress, pain or electrolyte imbalances
  • Inflammatory bowel diseases
  • Parasitic infestation, sand ingestion or feeding errors
  • Diseases of the liver or spleen may also cause colic like symptoms

Symptoms

Colic can present in many different ways. Common signs include:

  • Rolling, pawing, kicking at the abdomen or repeatedly lying down
  • Restlessness or, conversely, unusual apathy
  • Looking at the flank, yawning or reluctance to move under saddle
  • Sweating, increased heart rate or abdominal distension
  • Loss of appetite and reduced manure output

Even subtle signs should be taken seriously, as they may indicate the early stages of a serious condition.

Course of Disease

The course of colic depends largely on the underlying cause. Some forms respond quickly to simple medical treatment, while others can deteriorate rapidly and require intensive care or surgery.

If left untreated, colic may lead to severe circulatory compromise, intestinal rupture and ultimately death. Early intervention is therefore critical.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic procedures are tailored to the individual clinical presentation. Standard diagnostics include:

  • General clinical examination including cardiovascular assessment
  • Rectal examination
  • Abdominal ultrasound
  • Nasogastric intubation to assess gastric reflux
  • Laboratory testing including hematology, blood chemistry and blood gas analysis


Advanced Diagnostics

  • Abdominocentesis
  • Gastroscopy when gastric ulcers are suspected
  • Laparoscopy or exploratory laparotomy in unclear or treatment resistant cases

Differential diagnoses range from gastric inflammation to primary liver disease.

Treatment

Treatment is always based on the underlying cause and disease severity. Possible measures include:

  • Medical therapy with pain relief, antispasmodics, gastric protection and motility agents
  • Fluid therapy in cases of dehydration or metabolic imbalance
  • Controlled exercise to stimulate intestinal motility in mild cases
  • Close monitoring including repeated blood testing during hospitalization
  • Surgery

In severe cases, exploratory laparotomy under general anesthesia is required. This is typically followed by a hospital stay of approximately ten days and a recovery period lasting several weeks

Our intensive care stalls are fully equipped with infusion systems and are available at all times.

Prognosis

Prognosis depends strongly on the cause of colic and the timing of treatment.

  • Favorable prognosis with early detection and uncomplicated impaction colic
  • Guarded prognosis in cases of intestinal displacement or complicated surgical outcomes

Rapid diagnosis and consistent treatment significantly improve survival rates.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How can I reduce the risk of colic in my horse?

The risk of colic can be significantly reduced through appropriate feeding management. This includes providing 1.5 to 2 kilograms of hay per 100 kilograms of body weight, high quality forage, avoiding abrupt feed changes, ensuring constant access to clean water, regular exercise, routine dental care, low stress management and a targeted deworming program.

What can my horse eat after a colic episode?

Initially, only small amounts of hay are offered. Depending on the cause and recovery, mash may be added. Horses returning to pasture should be reintroduced to grass gradually. Horses with dental issues require individualized feeding adjustments.

When can my horse be ridden again after colic?

This depends on the severity of the colic. In most cases, we recommend at least one week of gradual reintroduction with predominantly walking exercise after discharge from the clinic. Exact activity levels are defined individually and documented in the discharge report.

Colic is not a single disease but a collective term describing abdominal pain in horses, ranging from mild discomfort to life threatening conditions. As the most common veterinary emergency in horses, colic always requires prompt assessment and action.

Clinical signs result from a wide variety of disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract or adjacent organs and can vary significantly in severity and presentation.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

How can I reduce the risk of colic in my horse?

The risk of colic can be significantly reduced through appropriate feeding management. This includes providing 1.5 to 2 kilograms of hay per 100 kilograms of body weight, high quality forage, avoiding abrupt feed changes, ensuring constant access to clean water, regular exercise, routine dental care, low stress management and a targeted deworming program.

What can my horse eat after a colic episode?

Initially, only small amounts of hay are offered. Depending on the cause and recovery, mash may be added. Horses returning to pasture should be reintroduced to grass gradually. Horses with dental issues require individualized feeding adjustments.

When can my horse be ridden again after colic?

This depends on the severity of the colic. In most cases, we recommend at least one week of gradual reintroduction with predominantly walking exercise after discharge from the clinic. Exact activity levels are defined individually and documented in the discharge report.

Make an Appointment

We kindly ask you to schedule appointments by phone. This way, we can plan the best treatment for your horse individually and directly.

+49 4282 - 5946340
Opening Hours

Please note our separate visiting hours.

Monday – Friday
8:00 – 18:00
Saturday
9:00 – 12:00
Sunday & Public Holidays
Closed
Besuchszeiten

Bitte vereinbaren Sie einen Besuchstermin im Voraus. Planen Sie etwa 1 Stunde ein und berühre bitte nur dein eigenes Pferd.

Monday – Friday
10:00 – 18:00
Saturday
9:00 – 12:00
Sunday & Public Holidays
Closed
Emergency Service – Open 24/7

Our clinic is available around the clock for emergencies.In case of an emergency, please call us immediately.

Call us:
+49 4282 - 5946 340
Appointment Image

Make an Appointment

We kindly ask you to schedule appointments by phone. This way, we can plan the best treatment for your horse individually and directly.

+49 4282 - 5946 340
Opening Hours

Please note our separate visiting hours.

Monday – Friday
8:00 – 18:00
Saturday
9:00 – 12:00
Sunday & Public Holidays
Closed
Besuchszeiten

Please schedule your visit in advance. Allow approximately 1 hour, and kindly only touch your own horse.

Monday – Friday
8:00 – 18:00
Saturday
9:00 – 12:00
Sunday & Public Holidays
Closed
Emergency Service
Open 24/7

Our clinic is available around the clock for emergencies.In case of an emergency, please call us immediately.

Call Us
+49 4282 - 5946 340
Appointment Image

Make an Appointment

We kindly ask you to schedule appointments by phone. This way, we can plan the best treatment for your horse individually and directly.

+49 4282 - 5946 340
Opening Hours

Please note our separate visiting hours.

Monday – Friday
8:00 – 18:00
Saturday
9:00 – 12:00
Sunday & Public Holidays
Closed
Besuchszeiten

Bitte vereinbare einen Besuchstermin im Voraus. Plane  etwa 1 Stunde ein und berühre bitte nur dein eigenes Pferd.

Monday – Friday
10:00 – 18:00
Saturday
9:00 – 12:00
Sunday & Public Holidays
Closed
Emergency Service – Open 24/7

Our clinic is available around the clock for emergencies.In case of an emergency, please call us immediately.

Call us:
+49 4282 - 5946 340
Appointment Image